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 | 濉戞枡 | 姍¤兌 | 綰ょ淮 | 娑傛枡涓庢補(bǔ)澧?/a> | 鑳剁矘鍓?/a> | 澶嶅悎鏉愭枡 | 鐭沖寲 | 鍖栧伐 | 浠櫒浠〃 | 鏂頒駭涓?/a> | 涓撻 | 榪斿洖棣栭〉 |
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| 濉戞枡 | 姍¤兌 | 綰ょ淮 | 娑傛枡涓庢補(bǔ)澧?/a> | 鑳剁矘鍓?/a> | 澶嶅悎鏉愭枡 | 鐭沖寲 | 鍖栧伐 | 浠櫒浠〃 | 鏂頒駭涓?/a> | 涓撻 | 榪斿洖棣栭〉 |
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2鏈堝垵寮濮嬶紝鍙椻滅柅鎯呪濆獎(jiǎng)鍝嶏紝鍥藉唴鍖栧伐鍝佸競(jìng)鍦烘亹鎱屾儏緇譏婕傜敳閱囧熀鏈潰琛ㄧ幇璧板急錛屾槬鑺傚悗浜ら氳繍杈撳彈闄愪笌涓嬫父闇姹傛仮澶嶇紦鎱㈢瓑鍒╃┖騫跺瓨錛岀敳閱囦紒涓氬簱瀛樼淮鎸侀珮?shù)綅銆備絾榪戞湡闅忕潃鍐呭湴閮ㄥ垎浼佷笟浠鋒牸涓婃定錛屽競(jìng)鍦烘儏緇湁鎵淇銆?
鎴嚦2鏈?1鏃ワ紝甯?jìng)鍦轰氦鎶曟皵姘洖畾鍙Q岄殢鐫鍓嶆湡浠鋒牸璧頒綆錛岄儴鍒嗚錘鏄撳晢鎶勫簳鍏ュ競(jìng)錛岃タ鍖椾富浜у尯鍑?guó)櫞х浉瀵箼搴鐣呫傚悓鏃跺競(jìng)鍦虹墿嫻佷氦鎶曢愭笎鎭㈠錛岀幆娓ゆ搗鍙?qiáng)娣畫(huà)癸L(fēng)瓑甯?jìng)鍦哄績(jī)鎬佸ソ杞紝鍑?guó)櫞ф湁鎵鍥炴殩銆傜洰鍓嶏紝灞變笢1900-1930鍏?鍚紱娌沖寳1800鍏?鍚紱灞辮タ1600-1700鍏?鍚紱鍗庡寳1600-1800鍏?鍚紱瑗垮寳1470-1700鍏?鍚紱鍗庝笢娓彛2040-2160鍏?鍚紱鍗庡崡娓彛2040-2050鍏?鍚紱瑗垮崡1800-1900鍏?鍚紱涓滃寳2000-2100鍏?鍚ㄣ?
鍙楁柊鍨嬪啝鐘剁梾姣掔柅鎯呭獎(jiǎng)鍝嶏紝鏄ヨ妭鍚庡叏鍥藉悇鍦板彂鍑轟氦閫氱鍒剁殑閫氬憡錛岄儴鍒嗗湴鍖虹敋鑷沖皝鍩庯紝鐢查唶甯?jìng)鍦虹墿娴仒q愯緭鍙楅樆錛屽鑷翠駭鍖轟緵闇澶辮 銆傝タ鍖楃瓑涓諱駭鍦板尯鐢查唶闅句互澶栬繍錛屽唴鍦板鏁扮敳閱囦紒涓氬簱瀛樻攢鍗囪嚦鍋忛珮?shù)綅锛屽湪楂樺簱瀛樼殑鍘嬪姏涓嬪Q岄儴鍒嗙敳閱囦紒涓氬瀛樺湪璁╁埄鎿嶄綔錛屽悇鍦板尯浠鋒牸鍧囨湁涓嶅悓紼嬪害涓嬭皟錛屼絾褰撳墠甯?jìng)鍦轰氦鎶曟仮澶嶆湁闄愬Q屼環(huán)鏍間笅璋冨浜ゆ姇閲忓埡嬋涓嶅ぇ錛屽浗鍐呴儴鍒嗕紒涓氫負(fù)緙撹В搴撳帇瑁呯疆澶氶檷璐熸垨鍋滆濺銆?
浠庝笅娓稿競(jìng)鍦烘潵鐪嬶紝浼犵粺涓嬫父鎭㈠鏈夐檺錛岀柅鎯呭獎(jiǎng)鍝嶆寔緇紝鍚勫湴澶嶅伐鏃墮棿澶氭湁鎺ㄨ繜銆傛嵁緇熻錛屽綋鍓嶇敳閱涘鉤鍧囧紑宸ョ巼杈冭妭鍓嶄笅璺?%鑷?8%宸﹀彸錛涗簩鐢查啔浼佷笟寮宸ョ巼杈冭妭鍓嶄笅璺?%鑷?%錛涢唻閰稿競(jìng)鍦哄宸ユ湁闄愶紝杈冭妭鍓嶈穼騫呰揪鍒?2%錛岀洰鍓嶅浜?7%宸﹀彸銆備笅娓稿競(jìng)鍦烘暣浣撳紑宸ヤ綆浣嶏紝闇姹傞潰闅句互褰㈡垚鏀拺錛屽競(jìng)鍦烘暣浣撲氦鎶曟竻娣°傛柊鍏翠笅娓告柟闈紝浜屾湀鍒濆北涓溿佽タ鍖楅儴鍒嗙儻鐑冭緗檷璐熻繍琛岋紝鑰屽畞娉㈠瘜寰楓佸崡浜瘹蹇椾互鍙?qiáng)娴欐睙鍏村叴绛夌儻鐑冭缃畼q戞湡瀛樺湪媯(gè)淇鍒掞紝甯?jìng)鍦洪渶姹傜緝鍑忋傜洰鍓嶇叅鍒剁儻鐑冧紒涓氬紑宸ラ檰緇彁鍗囷紝鍚庡競(jìng)瀵圭敳閱囪蛋鍔垮艦鎴愭敮鎾戙?
浣嗚繎鏈熼殢鐫閮ㄥ垎甯?jìng)鍦虹墿娴仒q愯緭鏈夋墍濂借漿錛岃濺杈嗚緝鍓嶆湡澧炲錛岄儴鍒嗚錘鏄撳晢瀛樺湪鎶勫簳蹇?jī)鐞嗗Q屼笂娓歌タ鍖楃瓑浼佷笟鍑?guó)櫞畾鍙Q屽眬閮ㄧ敋鑷沖嚭鐜板仠鍞傚綋鍓嶅競(jìng)鍦哄嚭璐у浠ヨ錘鏄撳晢琛ヨ揣涓轟富錛屽姞涔嬮儴鍒嗕紒涓氬鎺ヤ笅娓鎬紒涓氭嫑鏍囷紝瑗垮寳鍙?qiáng)鐜袱鎿v閮ㄥ垎浼佷笟搴撳瓨鍘嬪姏鏈夋墍緙撹В錛屽眬閮ㄤ環(huán)鏍艱蛋鍔垮皬騫呮帰娑ㄣ?
緇煎悎鏉ョ湅錛岃櫧鍐呭湴閮ㄥ垎鐢查唶瑁呯疆闄嶈礋鎴栧仠杞﹀鐢查唶甯?jìng)鍦哄舰鎴愪竴瀹氭敮鎾戯紝浣嗗湪鐤儏闃叉帶鑳屾櫙涓嬶紝鐭湡瀵圭墿嫻佽繍杈撲互鍙?qiáng)涓嬫父澶嶅伐浠嶆湁涓瀹氶檺鍒訛紝甯?jìng)鍦烘垨灏忩q呴渿鑽′負(fù)涓匯備粠涓暱綰挎潵鐪嬶紝濡傛灉鐤儏鎸佺畫(huà)鏃墮棿杈冮暱錛屼細(xì)緇х畫(huà)鎷栫瘡鍥藉唴闇姹傜殑澶嶈嫃錛屾垨榪涗竴姝ュ鑷翠笂娓哥敳閱囦紒涓氬帇搴撱傜柅鎯呰繃鍚庯紝涓嬫父浼佷笟鎴栭愭澶嶅伐錛岃冭檻鍒伴儴鍒嗕笅娓告垨瀛樺湪琛ュ簱錛屽眾鏃舵垨灝嗗甯?jìng)鍦烘儏缛A浜х敓涓瀹氫慨澶嶃傝繎鏈熶粛闇鍏蟲(chóng)敞鐤儏絳夊鍥存儏鍐點(diǎn)佷笂娓鎬緵搴旀儏鍐點(diǎn)佷笅娓告仮澶嶆儏鍐典互鍙?qiáng)鐗⿱箒鎯呭嘃c(diǎn)傦紙渚濋璇勫競(jìng)錛?